See frost in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frosty"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "frost"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "frost"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrosth"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vroste"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrast"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old English frost",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*frost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *frost",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frustaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frustaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vorst"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch vorst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vrost"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German vrost",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vrost"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German vrost",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish frost",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English frost, forst, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz, *frustą; akin to Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, and Old Swedish frost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frostes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "forst",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "froste",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vrost",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "frosst",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "freost",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frost",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frostes"
},
"expansion": "frost (plural frostes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 34 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cold or freezing weather; weather causing frost."
],
"id": "en-frost-enm-noun-jU2JDrSD",
"links": [
[
"Cold",
"cold"
],
[
"freezing",
"freeze"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"frost",
"frost#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 34 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 76 24 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water",
"orig": "enm:Water",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Frost or rime; frozen dew or water droplets."
],
"id": "en-frost-enm-noun-ES1EA7Zq",
"links": [
[
"Frost",
"frost#English"
],
[
"rime",
"rime"
],
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"dew",
"dew"
],
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"droplet",
"droplet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 34 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 78 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature."
],
"id": "en-frost-enm-noun-D8JUo1N4",
"links": [
[
"Hail",
"hail"
],
[
"precipitation",
"precipitation"
],
[
"temperature",
"temperature"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Something with a chilling effect."
],
"id": "en-frost-enm-noun-xr2cQAhV",
"links": [
[
"chilling effect",
"chilling effect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Something with a chilling effect."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frɔst/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɔrst/"
}
],
"word": "frost"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Temperature",
"enm:Water",
"enm:Weather"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "frosty"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "frost"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "frost"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrosth"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vroste"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "vrast"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old English frost",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*frost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *frost",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frustaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frustaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vorst"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch vorst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vrost"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German vrost",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vrost"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German vrost",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "frost"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish frost",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English frost, forst, from Proto-West Germanic *frost, from Proto-Germanic *frustaz, *frustą; akin to Middle Dutch vorst, Middle High German vrost, Middle Low German vrost, and Old Swedish frost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frostes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "forst",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "froste",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vrost",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "frosst",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "freost",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frost",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frostes"
},
"expansion": "frost (plural frostes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Cold or freezing weather; weather causing frost."
],
"links": [
[
"Cold",
"cold"
],
[
"freezing",
"freeze"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"frost",
"frost#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Frost or rime; frozen dew or water droplets."
],
"links": [
[
"Frost",
"frost#English"
],
[
"rime",
"rime"
],
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"dew",
"dew"
],
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"droplet",
"droplet"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hail; precipitation below freezing temperature."
],
"links": [
[
"Hail",
"hail"
],
[
"precipitation",
"precipitation"
],
[
"temperature",
"temperature"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Something with a chilling effect."
],
"links": [
[
"chilling effect",
"chilling effect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, figurative) Something with a chilling effect."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/frɔst/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fɔrst/"
}
],
"word": "frost"
}
Download raw JSONL data for frost meaning in Middle English (3.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.